Dementia Progression: Understanding the Stages and Care Needs
According to a study by Columbia University and the University of Michigan, nearly one in 10 adults over age 65 in the United States have dementia. The majority of those diagnoses took place within the African American and non-Hispanic demographic.
Despite the rising numbers, not many family members or home caregivers know about dementia progression or what to expect. It's not always a linear progression, and some individuals may worsen quicker than others.
Here's what you need to know about the different stages and how you can manage the associated symptoms.
The Stages of Dementia Progression
Alzheimer's disease progression is always difficult for family and friends to observe. However, knowing the different stages of dementia progression is key to getting your loved one the help they need.
Dementia is commonly broken down into three stages: early, middle, and late. However, some doctors further divide it into seven distinct stages.
Early Stage (Mild Dementia)
In the early stages of dementia, family members and friends will have trouble identifying common symptoms. It's all too easy to mistake forgetfulness for normal aging or lack of sleep.
Some of those common signs include:
- Mild memory loss
- Difficulty finding words
- Misplacing items
- Challenges with planning or organizing
People in this stage often maintain independence but may struggle with more complex tasks. As such, it's difficult to get a proper diagnosis unless they stay in communication with their healthcare providers.
The early stage of dementia could last upwards of two years. However, that timeline will vary based on the individual as well as the cause of their dementia. For example, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare form of dementia that progresses within a matter of months.
Middle Stage (Moderate Dementia)
Moderate dementia is the longest and most challenging for caregivers. Memory loss is more pronounced, and individuals may struggle to recognize familiar people or places.
Confusion, mood swings, and behavioral changes are common. Caregivers may find themselves isolated from their loved ones as they become less like themselves in a matter of months.
Language and reasoning abilities also decline, and the individual may need help with personal care tasks like bathing or dressing.
Some other symptoms include:
- Repetitive behavior like asking the same questions repeatedly
- Wandering behavior
- Suspicion and paranoia
- Anger and depression
Late Stage (Severe Dementia)
The latest stage of dementia is where individuals lose the ability to communicate and become entirely dependent on caregivers. Physical abilities, such as walking or swallowing, decline. Seniors can choke or trip easily, endangering themselves.
Emotional responses may diminish, but they may continue to feel comfort through touch or familiar voices. The times in which they recognize their loved ones may be fleeting and rare to encounter.
A professional caregiver is essential for this time, as untrained family members may not notice signs of pain or discomfort. Things like bed sores can go unnoticed and untreated.
Managing Dementia Symptoms
Managing all of the various symptoms associated with dementia is tricky. It requires a tailored approach based on the individual's needs and preferences.
Memory loss is one of the most known symptoms. You can use simple strategies to mitigate its impact, including memory aids and memory-strengthening activities.
Memory aids can be labeled photographs or even sticky notes placed on the fridge. Activities that can strengthen your memory are puzzles or even long talks about the past.
If the individual develops behavioral changes, their caregiver should try to minimize environmental noise or clutter. They can offer comfort objects or activities that a person enjoys.
Establishing a consistent bedtime routine can help with problematic sleep. You can also encourage physical activity during the day to tire them out.
As dementia progresses, verbal communication becomes more difficult. The senior may not understand what you say or not know how to respond.
Speak clearly, using short sentences. Offer choices rather than open-ended questions. Use gestures or visual aids wherever you can.
The Role of Dementia Caregiving Support
Caregivers, whether they work from home or in a professional setting, should not forget to take care of themselves. Caring for someone with dementia can be physically and emotionally demanding. It's especially difficult trying to care for someone like a parent or spouse.
One of the best things you can do is seek professional guidance. Doctors, social workers, and occupational therapists can all provide valuable advice and resources. Even hiring a part-time caregiver can help give you a chance to breathe or pursue a social life outside of your duties.
Support groups can comfort caregivers by connecting them with others going through similar experiences. These groups offer emotional support, practical advice, and a sense of community.
Finally, plan for the future. All things come to an end, and it's important to make decisions regarding legal, financial, and care arrangements.
Memory Loss Care Tips
When caring for a loved one with memory loss, it's important to create a supportive environment. Establish routines and engage in memory-boosting activities. Communicate effectively and promote healthy habits where you can.
Modern technology can do wonders for managing dementia. Digital alarms and smartphone notifications can remind seniors to take medications or perform various tasks. GPS-enabled tools can help locate misplaced keys or wallets.
Don't be afraid to move your loved one into a community that can provide the care and attention they need. Some people may see moving their parents into memory care as giving up on them. However, it shows a lot of strength to admit when your love and affection are not enough.
Memory care communities come with amenities and services that seniors wouldn't otherwise gain access to at home. Think of it like upgrading their living situation.
Understanding Dementia
The dementia progression looks different for everyone, but it often involves a worsening of cognitive health and emotional stability. There's no way to cure the disease, but memory care can at least try to slow the progression.
Kiley Ranch Senior Living is a vibrant senior living campus located in Sparks, Nevada. Our residents have access to both assisted living and memory care, depending on their needs. Reach out with any questions and to schedule a tour of our community.